Sexually transmitted pathogens are associated with a wide range of ano
malies and diseases, including recurrent genital herpes, urethritis, s
yphilis, prostitis, genital ulcers, perihepatitis, unexplained inferti
lity, infant prematurity, low birth weight, and neonatal death or malf
ormations. Prompt diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is
essential to ensure appropriate specific treatment and to reduce comp
lications. Extensive studies on the etiology of male infertility inclu
de poorly treated infections such as STDs, epidydimitis, complications
associated with mumps, delayed treatment of undescended testes, repai
r of inguinal hernia, varicocele, endocrine disorders, anomalies of th
e reproductive tract and male accessory organs, trauma, surgery, heat-
cold injury, and active-passive immunization.