The frozen section diagnosis of scleroma (rhinoscleroma) may pose some
difficulty to the unsuspecting pathologist. Intraoperative cytology i
s a helpful technique that, when combined with frozen section, enhance
s the diagnostic accuracy. Imprint smears obtained from a tissue sampl
e of an obstructive nasal mucosal mass demonstrated the characteristic
Mikulicz cells, thus confirming the frozen section diagnosis of scler
oma. The importance of intraoperative cytology in the evaluation of su
rgical specimens is emphasized.