SHUNT-DEPENDENT HYDROCEPHALUS AFTER SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE AND ANEURYSM SURGERY - TIMING OF SURGERY IS NOT A RISK FACTOR

Early hydrocephalus is a risk factor of shunt-dependent late hydroceph alus (SDHC). In the CT era 1980-1990 we had 835 consecutive patients o perated on because of aneurysm and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH); 294 had an early hydrocephalus and 67 finally required a shunt. There wer e 14 patients with normal early CT and SDHC, in all 81 patients needed a shunt (10%). Patients with shunt did worse, they were older (53 vs 49) than the non-shunted group and there was a female preponderance. P re-operative Grade correlated significantly with the need for a shunt operation; no one in Grade I developed SDHC, incidence in Grades Ill a nd IV was high (18% and 10%, respectively). Location was important; in vertebrobasilar area 28% and in anterior communicating area 14% but i n middle cerebral area only 4% of the patients had SDHC. The amount of cisternal bleeding correlated significantly with SDHC; in 155 patient s with non detectible or minimal cisternal blood only one developed SD HC, with severe cisternal bleeding the incidence was 16%. Ventricular bleeding increased the risk of SDHC, but intracerebral haematoma did n ot. Timing of surgery had no correlation with the risk of SDHC. Postop erative complications, haematomas and infections increased the risk of late SDHC. Delayed ischaemia correlated with the risk, but so did the treatment with nimodipine. Severe bleeding was the common predictor f or the risk of SDHC. Location of the bleeding and postoperative proble ms are the other major causes. Outcome is, however, not so gloomy; 54% of patients with SDHC are independent one year later.