The realities of developing an orientation program include recognizing
the critical influence of organizational culture and management prior
ities on the final form of plans and projects. The step from theory to
practice is illustrated in the experience of three of the authors as
they began to implement competency-based orientation programs. The com
mon experiences of these three very different agencies were that progr
ams are affected by organizational readiness, evolution to meet organi
zational needs, and the administrative context.