M. Zuber et al., BOTULINUM ANTIBODIES IN DYSTONIC PATIENTS TREATED WITH TYPE-A BOTULINUM TOXIN - FREQUENCY AND SIGNIFICANCE, Neurology, 43(9), 1993, pp. 1715-1718
We measured serum antibodies to botulinum toxin (ABT) in 96 patients w
ith focal dystonia who had been treated with type A botulinum toxin. T
he frequency of detectable ABT was 3% (three patients). Patients with
ABT had received more than 50 ng of botulinum toxin, and the shortest
time between two injections was significantly less than in patients wi
thout ABT. The clinical evolution of the three patients was heterogene
ous: one had decreased effectiveness with repeated injections, another
had persistent improvement, and the third never responded to toxin in
jections.