Experimental, theoretical and numerical modelling issues concerning th
e tribology of thin-film rigid disk media are reviewed. Special emphas
is is placed on the role of carbon overcoatings in friction and wear r
eduction at the head-disk interface (HDI), especially with regard to u
ltra-low flying or quasi-contact recording. An overview is provided of
wear and failure mechanisms of carbon-coated media as observed under
a variety of testing conditions. As the Steady-state separation betwee
n slider and disk falls below 100 nm, novel techniques will be require
d for the acceleration of wear and for modelling of the HDI, some aspe
cts of which are presented. In addition, the complementary roles of ex
perimental techniques operating in the sliding and flying regimes, and
operation near the boundary between flying and sliding, are discussed
.