The interaction between large ion clusters or very intense ion beams w
ith fusion plasma is studied using the dielectric function formalism w
ith appropriate quantum corrections. The contributions from individual
and collective modes to the energy loss are calculated. The general p
roperties of the interference effects are characterized in terms of th
e relevant parameters, and simple scaling laws are obtained. In partic
ular, the conditions for a maximum enhancement in the energy depositio
n are derived. The study provides a unified view and a general formula
tion of collective effects in the energy loss for low and high velocit
ies of the beam particles.