A MEASUREMENT OF THE ADAPTATION OF COLOR-VISION TO THE SPECTRAL ENVIRONMENT

An exploratory factor analysis of the reflectance spectral distributio ns of a sample of natural and man-made objects yields a factor pattern remarkably similar to psychophysical color-matching curves. The goodn ess-of-fit indices from a maximum likelihood confirmatory factor model with fixed factor loadings specified by empirical trichromatic color- matching data indicate that the human visual system performs near to a n optimum value for an ideal trichromatic system composed of three lin ear components. An unconstrained four-factor maximum likelihood model fits significantly better than a three-factor unconstrained model, sug gesting that a color metric is better represented in foul dimensions t han in a three-dimensional space. This fourth factor can be calculated as a nonlinear interaction term between the first three factors; thus , a trichromatic input is sufficient to compute a color space of four dimensions. The visual system may exploit this nonlinear dependency in the spectral environment in order to obtain a four-dimensional color space without the biological cost of a fourth color receptor.