Based on a model of interactive coping activation, we review the impac
t of gender in the giving and receiving of emotion- and problem-focuse
d social support. The research suggests that the female role (emphasiz
ing nurturance and emotional expressiveness) makes it easier for women
to activate social support from close relations as well as to provide
social support; whereas the male role (emphasizing achievement, auton
omy, emotional control) makes it difficult for men to seek and obtain
social support. Type of support required (social-emotional vs. instrum
ental) may moderate when men and women are more effective in providing
social support. The gender-linked model of social support activation
may be useful in diagnosing interpersonal problems in providing and ob
taining social support.