Primary anomalies of the azygos vein generally result from intrathorac
ic tumor compression or inferior vena caval interruption with azygos v
ein continuation. Vascular malformations, although uncommon, can frequ
ently mimic solid tumors and present as middle or posterior mediastina
l masses. We present the case of an isolated giant azygos vein varix i
n an asymptomatic patient. Preoperative computed tomography and magnet
ic resonance imaging were not diagnostic in evaluating this patient's
anatomy. (C) 1997 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons.