Ah. Hara et al., HOT-WATER IMMERSION AS A POTENTIAL QUARANTINE TREATMENT AGAINST PSEUDAULACASPIS-COCKERELLI (HOMOPTERA, DIASPIDIDAE), Journal of economic entomology, 86(4), 1993, pp. 1167-1170
Lethal immersion in water at 47, 48, and 49-degrees-C from 0 to 10 min
at 1-min intervals was determined for the crawler, nymph and female a
dult stages of Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli (Cooley) on bird of paradise
, Strelitzia reginae Aiton, leaves. Crawlers appeared more tolerant to
hot-water immersion than female adults. Increased exposure time resul
ted in a linear increase in mortality for all temperatures. Exposure t
o 49-degrees-C water for 5, 5, and 6 min resulted in 100% mortality of
adults, nymphs, and crawlers, respectively. Our proposed quarantine h
ot-water treatment can be adjusted to any specific risk level, includi
ng zero tolerance.