Ventilator dependence has been postulated to be a major contraindicati
on for successful lung transplantation. We describe the case of a 44-y
ear-old female patient mechanically ventilated for 10 months after adu
lt respiratory distress syndrome. After a program of physical training
the patient underwent successful bilateral sequential lung transplant
ation. Six months postoperatively she is in good physical condition an
d is able to carry out the activities of normal daily living. We concl
ude that in selected patients long-term mechanical ventilatory support
is not a contraindication for lung transplantation.