The local release of sensory neuropeptides from capsaicin-sensitive pr
imary afferents elicits prominent motor and inflammatory actions in ma
mmalian airways. This neurogenic inflammation can contribute to the pa
thophysiology of asthma and airway hyperreactivity. In this review evi
dence will be presented regarding the involvement of this peptidergic
neural pathway in the mediation of some pulmonary actions of lipid med
iators such as eicosanoids and PAF.