D. Moore et al., ULTRA-VIOLET RADIATION-DAMAGE TO METARHIZIUM-FLAVOVIRIDE CONIDIA AND THE PROTECTION GIVEN BY VEGETABLE AND MINERAL-OILS AND CHEMICAL SUNSCREENS, Annals of Applied Biology, 122(3), 1993, pp. 605-616
Metarhizium flavoviride conidia formulated in oil or water were expose
d to simulated solar radiation. Radiation below 320 nm killed conidia
and caused delays in the germination of survivors; germination was gre
ater after 48 h of incubation than after 24 h. UV exposure of conidia
formulated in oil for 2 h reduced germination from 99% to 37.5% after
incubation for 48 h. Exposure of conidia in water to UV for 1 h result
ed in 4.7% germination after 24 h incubation compared with 36.5% for c
onidia formulated in oil. The addition of 1% oxybenzone resulted in 81
.9% conidial germination after 3 h exposure and 48 h incubation compar
ed with 28.1% in oil without the sunscreen.