The welding process is one of the most interesting industrial problems
that can be solved by robotic systems. This kind of process presents
different sensory aspects as environment and parts recognition, seam l
ocation and tracking, and obstacles avoidance. At the present time the
re is not a simple sensor for all these requirements. Nevertheless som
e measuring devices can satisfy particular needs. In this way, scannin
g-laser systems are used for locating the welding seam, vision cameras
supply a survey of the general environment, tactile devices can be us
ed to detect close obstacles in the trajectory and electric measuremen
ts by means of arc-furnish data for the fine control of the welding ac
tivity and tracking movements. This paper describes an original develo
pment and application-made in an Esprit project (Hephaestos I)-of an u
ltrasonic sensor focused on the environment and parts recognition for
trajectory definition and real-time obstacle avoidance for welding wor
k in large ship-repairing plants.