DISTINCTION OF STRUCTURAL REORGANIZATION AND LIGAND-BINDING IN THE T[--]R TRANSITION OF INSULIN ON THE BASIS OF ALLOSTERIC MODELS

Two allosteric models are presented for the T <-> R transition of insu lin hexamers in the presence of phenolic ligands which are based on ex isting experimental information. The transition mainly involves residu es 1-8 of the B-chain, i.e. 15% of the molecule, which are extended in the T- and helical in the R-state. The main facts to be accounted for are: 1) the transition is undergone trimer-wise; 2) the transition of the second trimer is disadvantaged compared to the first one; 3) the subunits of a trimer undergo transition in a cooperative process; 4) b inding sites for phenolic ligands only exist in R3 trimers; 5) ligands shift the equilibrium by arresting the R-state; 6) the ligand is acco mmodated in a pocket made up between two adjacent subunits; 7) binding one ligand molecule extends the lifetime of the two other binding sit es of a trimer; 8) only ligand-free trimers can undergo transitions. T he two models allowed for CD spectroscopic titrations of zinc and coba lt insulin with phenol and m-cresol to be assessed in terms of structu ral reorganisation and ligand binding, and for the respective standard free energy differences to be calculated. DELTAG-degrees for the reor ganisation of the first trimer in zinc-insulin is about 8 kJ/mol, and for that of the second trimer, 21 kJ/mol. The corresponding values for cobalt-insulin are 12 and 24 kJ/mol, respectively. For both zinc- and cobalt-insulin, the DELTAG-degrees for phenol and m-cresol binding is about -18 kJ/mol. Both models are equally compatible with the titrati on data.