Scramble competition in the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis

1. The nature of intraspecific competition was investigated in the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis, a highly destructive pest of pine for ests in the southern U.S.A. Data were analysed from an observational study of naturally-attacked trees, and from field experiments where attack densit y was manipulated by adding different numbers of beetles to caged trees. 2. The effect of attack density on gallery construction, oviposition, brood survival, and the overall rate of increase was examined, and a flexible mo del of intraspecific competition used to classify the type of competition ( contest or scramble) at different points in the life cycle. 3. The results of these analyses suggest that contest competition occurs du ring gallery construction and oviposition, in accord with previous work on D. frontalis. Strong scramble competition occurs later on in development, h owever, and the overall competitive process is better characterized as scra mble competition, similar to other bark beetles. Trees with attack densitie s sufficiently high to produce significant competition are common in the fi eld.