The contribution of various foods to intake of vitamin A and carotenoids in the Netherlands

This study presents data on dietary intake of specific carotenoids in the N etherlands, based on a recently developed food composition database for car otenoids. Regularly eaten vegetables, the main dietary source of carotenoid s, were sampled comprehensively and analysed with modern analytic methods. The database was complemented with data from recent literature and informat ion from food manufacturers. In addition, data on intake of vitamin A are p resented, which are based on the most recent update of the Dutch Food Compo sition Table. Intake of vitamin A was calculated for adult participants of the second Dutch National Food Consumption Survey in 1992, whereas intake o f carotenoids was calculated for participants of the Dutch Cohort Study on diet anc cancer, aged 55 to 69 in 1986. Mean intake of vitamin A amounted t o 1.1 and 0.9 mg RE/day for men and women, respectively; the contributions of meat, fats and oils, vegetables and dairy products to total intake were 35%, 24%, 16%, and 16%, respectively. Mean intake of alpha-carotene, beta-c arotene and lutein plus zeaxanthin was 0.7, 3.0, 2.5 mg/day respectively fo r both men and women, while mean intake of lycopene was 1.0 mg/day for men an 1.3 mg/day for women. The most important foods contributing to intake of beta-carotene and lutein plus zeaxanthin were carrots (beta-carotene only) , spinach, endive and kale.