4-Substituted-butenolides treated with free hydroxylamine at pH=5 undergo c
onjugate addition - rearrangement to afford isoxazolidin-5-ones. This is in
contrast to N-substituted hydroxylamines which under the same conditions p
roduce Michael adducts only. In the presence of base, butenolides undergo r
acemization via flat tautomeric forms.