Results of salvage abdominoperineal resection for anal cancer after radiotherapy

PURPOSE: Nonsurgical treatment of anal cancer by radiotherapy alone or comb ined with chemotherapy is the standard therapy for epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal. Surgery is only recommended for treatment failures. Very fe w studies have been devoted to the outcome of this salvage surgery. The aim of this study is to evaluate these results. METHODS: A retrospective revie w from 1986 to 1995 revealed 21 patients with residual or recurrent anal ca nal carcinoma after initial radiotherapy, operated on by abdominoperineal r esection. Patients were reviewed as to age, gender, initial treatment, any symptoms of recurrence, duration until recurrence, any diagnosis imaging, t reatment, and outcome. RESULTS: None of these 21 patients had known lymph n ode involvement or metastases at radiotherapy or at salvage abdominoperinea l resection. Eleven patients had residual disease (positive biopsy less tha n 6 months after the: end of radiotherapy) and 10 had tumor recurrence (mor e than 6 months after cessation of treatment). Recurrence occurred at a mea n of 15 (range, 9-41) months after radiotherapy. ALL 21 patients underwent an abdominoperineal resection. Pathologic examination of the 21 specimens s howed complete excision in all cases except one and lymph :node metastases in two cases. There was no perioperative mortality. The mean follow-up afte r surgery was 40 months. no patients were lost to follow-up. Of the 21 pati ents, 10 died and II lived, of whom 9 are disease free. The overall surviva l rate at three years after salvage abdominoperineal resection was 58 perce nt. The overall survival rate for patients with residual disease (vs. recur rence) at three years was 72 percent (vs. 29 percent) and at five years was 60 percent (vs. 0 percent; P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: Salvage abdominoperinea l resection for anal cancer can be expected to yield a number of survivors from residual disease, but the low rate of survival after abdominoperineal resection for recurrent disease suggests the need for additional postoperat ive treatment if salvage abdominoperineal resection is performed.