SIDE-EFFECTS OF INTRAVENOUS CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE PULSE THERAPY

We reviewed the side-effects of intravenous (IV) cyclophosphamide (CPM ) pulse therapy in a group of 75 patients suffering from various autoi mmune disorders (mostly systemic lupus erythematosus and vasculitis) w ho received a total of 451 IV CPM pulses, given on a monthly basis (me an +/- s.d. CPM dose per pulse: 764 +/- 217 mg; mean +/- s.d. follow-u p period: 26.7 +/- 22.1 mon). Infection was the most common side-effec t (30 episodes in 21 patients; 28% of the patients) but rarely require d in-patient treatment (8 episodes in 7 patients; 9% of the patients). No relationship could be found between the occurrence of infection an d the dose of CPM or of glucocorticoids. Other side-effects were rare. Only one patient suffered from neutropenia. Haemorragic cystitis was never observed nor did premature ovarian failure in the 25 female pati ents at risk. Four patients developed neoplasia and three died suddenl y a few days after receiving a CPM pulse but the causal relationship b etween CPM therapy and these poor outcomes is speculative. Taken toget her, our data confirm in a large group of patients that IV CPM pulse t herapy is relatively safe. In particular, the rate of severe infection requiring in-patient treatment is rare (1.8% of 451 pulses).