COPPER, HYDROGEN, AND TITANIUM INCORPORATION IN POTASSIUM LITHIUM TANTALATE NIOBATE SINGLE-CRYSTALS

In this study we propose a model that describes the diffusion of coppe r, hydrogen, and titanium through the liquid/solid interface in potass ium lithium tantalate niobate crystals. Copper and hydrogen ions may o ccupy potassium/lithium vacant sites. Hydrogen ions are also able to s tay at tantalate/niobate vacant sites in the presence of titanium. Thi s model shows that the hydrogen concentration can be dramatically redu ced in KLTN:Cu,X,Y crystals (where X, Y are any first row transition m etals but not Ti or Cu), and is in agreement with experimental results . (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics.