In this paper, we give a detailed analysis of the accuracy of Zernike momen
ts in terms of their discretization errors and the reconstruction power. It
is found that there is an inherent limitation in the precision of computin
g the Zernike moments due to the geometric nature of a circular domain. Thi
s is explained by relating the accuracy issue to a celebrated problem in an
alytic number theory of evaluating the lattice points within a circle.