What determines school teachers' rates of return in Pakistan (Punjab)? Schooling or experience

Due to rigid nature and the dominance of public sector in the school system of Pakistan, sometimes experience is given priority over academic qualific ation in determining the wage structure of school teachers. As a result, re turns to education of the teachers are not clear. Based on a large primary cross section data set (over 200,000 observations), collected by the Nation al Education Management Information System (NEMIS), this paper empirically tested the relative returns to teachers education vis-a-vis experience and found the relevance of the latter. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All right s reserved.