Microscopic theory of polymer-mediated interactions between spherical particles

We develop an analytic integral equation theory for treating polymer-induce d effects on the structure and thermodynamics of dilute suspensions of hard spheres. Results are presented for the potential of mean force, free energ y of insertion per particle into a polymer solution, and the second virial coefficient between spheres. The theory makes predictions for all size rati os between the spheres and the polymer coil dimension. Based on the Percus- Yevick (PY) closure, the attractive polymer-induced depletion interaction i s predicted to be too weak under athermal conditions to induce a negative v alue for the second virial coefficient, B-2(cc), between spheres in the col loidal limit when the spheres are much larger than the coil size. A nonmono tonic dependence of the second virial coefficient on polymer concentration occurs for small enough particles, with the largest polymer-mediated attrac tions and most negative BSC occurring near the dilute-semidilute crossover concentration. Predictions for the polymer-mediated force between spheres a re compared to the results of computer simulations and scaling theory. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(98)50447-3].