Passivity-based interaction controller and observer for robot manipulators

This work presents the design of a passivity-based controller and observer for a robot manipulator interacting with a compliant environment Regulation . of the contact force along the constrained direction and tracking of the end-effector position along the unconstrained directions is achieved; semig lobal exponential stability is proved. The central scheme is implemented in the joint space, and experimental results are illustrated for an open cont rol architecture industrial robot which is endowed with joint position sens ors and wrist force sensor, but no joint velocity sensors.