Redescription of Physalaemus spiniger (Anura : Leptodactylidae) and description of two new reproductive modes

We redescribe Physalaemus spiniger and describe its tadpole and its reprodu ctive modes. This species has the following three alternative reproductive modes: (1) foam nest on pond and feeding tadpoles in pond (the typical mode for the genus Physalaemus); (2) foam nest on humid places on the forest fl oor near a pond, and feeding tadpoles in pond; (3) foam nest on water accum ulated on the axils of terrestrial bromeliads and feeding tadpoles in pond. These last two modes were not included in the reviews of reproductive mode s in anurans. The vocalizations of P. spiniger are described and compared w ith the vocalizations of P. nanus, a sibling species