Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy investigation of HOPG and silver electrodeposition on HOPG from the acid room-temperature molten salt aluminum chloride 1-methyl-3-butyl-imidazolium chloride
F. Endres et W. Freyland, Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy investigation of HOPG and silver electrodeposition on HOPG from the acid room-temperature molten salt aluminum chloride 1-methyl-3-butyl-imidazolium chloride, J PHYS CH B, 102(50), 1998, pp. 10229-10233
The electrodeposition of silver on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG
) from the acid room-temperature molten salt aluminum chloride-1-methyl-3-b
utyl-imidazolium chloride (molar ratio of 55/45 containing AgCl in a concen
tration of 0.05 mol/L) has been investigated with electrochemical scanning
tunneling microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and potential-step experiments. H
OPG can be viewed on an atomic scale; at electrode potentials above +1000 m
V vs the Ag/Ag+ reference it is oxidized, leading to both hole etching and
protrusions. Silver electrodeposition requires an overvoltage of -300 to -3
50 mV. With rising overpotential, the mechanism changes from three-dimensio
nal progressive nucleation at a finite number of active sites to three-dime
nsional instantaneous nucleation. In the far overpotential range the deposi
tion mainly takes place at steps and defects between different basal planes
of graphite and to a lower extent on the basal planes themselves.