Electron transfer in organized assemblies of biomolecules. Step-by-step avidin/biotin construction and dynamic characteristics of a spatially orderedmultilayer enzyme electrode

The avidin-biotin technology may be used successfully to build stable and s patially ordered assemblies of monomolecular enzyme layers on surfaces as i llustrated with the example of glucose oxidase and glassy carbon electrodes . With ferrocene methanol as the cosubstrate, cyclic voltammetry allows a d etailed analysis of the catalytic responses, thus providing a demonstration of the spatial order of the multilayer structure and an estimate of the av erage distance between monomolecular layers. The respective advantages of t he avidin-biotin and antigen-antibody technologies are discussed.