Optical data communication: fundamentals and future directions

An overview of optical data communications is provided, beginning with a br ief history and discussion of the unique requirements that distinguish this subfield from related areas such as telecommunications. Each of the major datacom standards is then discussed, including the physical layer specifica tion, distances and data rates, fiber and connector types, data frame struc tures, and network considerations. These standards can be categorized by th eir prevailing applications, either storage [Enterprise System Connection ( ESCON), Fiber Channel Connection (FICON), and Fibre Channel], coupling (Fib re Channel), or networking [Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), Gigabi t Ethernet, and asynchronous transfer mode/synchronous optical network (ATM /SONET)]. We also present some emerging technologies and their applications , including parallel optical interconnects, plastic optical fiber, waveleng th multiplexing, and free-space optical links. We conclude with some cost/p erformance trade-offs and predictions of future bandwidth trends, (C) 1998 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [S0091-3286(98)01412-3] .