PSYCHOSOCIAL ADVERSITIES IN CHILDHOOD AND ADULT PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

Numerous studies have reported statistical associations between advers e childhood experiences and psychopathology in adult Life, A range of conceptual and methodological issues needs to be borne in mind in inte rpreting these findings. Methodological issues include implications of base rates of postulated risk and outcome measures, and the possibili ty of third variable effects, Conceptually, further evidence is needed on the aspects of early experience most Likely to contribute to risk (acute vs chronic stressors: actively negative vs lack of positive exp eriences; and the implications of cognitive processing of events): the specificity of effects; possible mechanisms involved in mediating eff ects in childhood, and approaches to testing them; and factors involve d in persistence into adult life, There are good reasons to assume tha t adverse early experience plays a contributory role in the genesis of personality disorder, However, at this stage, evidence is still limit ed on how this comes about.