Blood collection, haematological values, biochemical parameters of new world camelids

Haematological values and biochemical parameters for Llamas and alpacas der ived from recent investigations and from the literature are described toget her with the technique for blood sampling these species. Reference values f or haematology and clinical biochemistry are needed because Llamas and alpa cas have gained and maintained popularity in Europe and veterinarians are t herefore consulted on clinical problems. Scientific publications providing normal values for blood parameters for these species are spar-se and mainly derive from American studies. These are not relevant to all parameters bec ause the laboratory methods used in Germany are different.