Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) following autologous stem cell transplant for relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia: a case report and review of the literature

A fatal case of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) in a child po st-autologous stem cell transplant for relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia is described. The implicated product was a single unit platelet concentrate co ntaining anti-HLA A2 and granulocyte-specific anti-NA1 antibodies. The reci pient typed as HLA A2/A2, NA1/NA1. This is the first reported case of TRALI following a transplant procedure for a haematological condition. It is als o unusual in that the patient failed to make a full recovery and that two r elevant leucocyte antibodies of clear specificity were identified in the do nor plasma. The literature relating to the pathophysiology, clinical sequel ae and management of TRALI is reviewed.