During the last decade, the disciplines of neonatal and pediatric crit
ical care have rapidly progressed in India. The growth of Neonatal Int
ensive Care has paced the growth of Pediatric Critical Care. The subst
antial growth of discipline and the positive improvements in neonatal
outcomes are the results of the concerted efforts of the National Neon
atal Forum and commitment of expatriate physicians residing in the Uni
ted States. This article provides the background information regarding
perinatal, neonatal, and infant mortalities in India. It also describ
es the maternal child health care delivery system in the Indian subcon
tinent.