Winter mortality risk for American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) in Saskatchewan

North American ginseng is native to the deciduous forest region of eastern North America but is now cultivated in areas well beyond its natural range. In recent years an expanding market has attracted growers in climatically less suitable regions, including the Canadian prairies. The ginseng root re quires at least four years to reach marketable size and is sensitive to inj ury when the temperature drops below about -4 degrees C. Such temperatures are not unusual in the prairies; thus winter kill is a hazard that may limi t ginseng production in this region of Canada. This study analyses the risk s of winter soil temperatures falling below levels critical for the surviva l of ginseng in Saskatchewan, It appears that winter conditions may be too severe for reliable production of this lucrative crop, although application of straw mulch and additional benefits of trapped snow could reduce the ri sk of winter kill. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.