Bl. Duffy et al., Speciated hydrocarbon profiles and calculated reactivities of exhaust and evaporative emissions from 82 in-use light-duty Australian vehicles, ATMOS ENVIR, 33(2), 1999, pp. 291-307
Mass emissions of non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) from 26 pre-1986 and 56 po
st-1985 catalyst-equipped in-service vehicles were determined from measurem
ents made on a chassis dynamometer using an urban drive cycle. Evaporative
emissions were measured on a subset (4 pre-1986 and 8 post-1985) of these v
ehicles. Average ADR emissions (mg/km) of the individual HCs from the older
pre-1986 vehicles were generally 4-7 times the emissions from newer cataly
st-equipped vehicles. Evaporative emissions from the older vehicles are als
o much higher than those of newer vehicles. Exhaust from newer catalyst-equ
ipped vehicles had lower proportions of substituted aromatics and alkenes a
nd higher proportions of lower molecular weight alkanes. The effect of fuel
type on the exhaust emissions was also investigated by refuelling 9 of the
pre-1986 vehicles with both unleaded and leaded petrol. A 20-40% reduction
in KC mass emissions was observed when unleaded petrol was used instead of
leaded petrol. Reactivities of the emissions and the contributions from di
fferent classes of compounds are also reported. The specific reactivity of
the exhaust emissions from newer vehicles was lower than that for older veh
icles owing to the smaller proportions of highly reactive alkenes and subst
ituted aromatic species, Moreover, as older vehicles have higher average ma
ss emissions, when considered on a per-km basis, the pre-1986 vehicles have
a greater ozone-forming potential than post-1985 vehicles. The specific re
activities of the NMHC (gO(3)/gNMHC) of both the heat build and hot soak ev
aporative emissions were much lower than the exhaust emissions. (C) 1998 El
sevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.