Mechanoenergetic alterations during the transition from cardiac hypertrophy to failure in Dahl salt-sensitive rats

Background-The time course and mechanisms of altered mechanoenergetics and depressed cross-bridge cycling in hypertrophied and failing myocardium are uncertain. Methods and Results-We studied mechanoenergetics in Dahl salt-sensitive (DS ) rats fed high-salt diet (HS) for 6 (HS-6) and 12 (HS-12) weeks to produce compensated hypertrophy and failure. The slope of the end-systolic pressur e-volume relation (E'(max)) was similar in HS-6 and low-salt controls (LS-6 ), but reduced in HS-12 compared with controls (LS-12). Efficiency [1/slope of oxygen consumption (V over dot O-2)-pressure-volume area (PVA) relation ] was similar in HS-6 and LS-6 but higher in HS-12 versus LS-12 (59 +/- 16% versus 44 +/- 7%,P<0.05). Economy [1/slope of the force-time integral (FTI )-V over dot O-2 relation] was similar in HS-6 and LS-6 but higher in HS-12 versus LS-12 (218 +/- 123 versus 74 +/- 39 x 10(3) g . s . mL O-2(-1) . g; P<0.05). Compared with controls, myofibrillar ATPase activity was reduced by 24% in HS-6 and 44% in HS-12, V3 Isomyosin was increased in HS-6 (40 +/- 12% versus 9 +/- 8%; P<0.05) and further increased in HS-12 (76+/-10% vers us 22+/-18%; P<0.05), Hypothyroid LS-12 rats had 100% V3 isomyosin, yet eff iciency, economy, and ATPase values were intermediate between LS-12 and HS- 12, HS-12 rats demonstrated increased troponin T-3 isoform (17+/-2 versus 2 3+/-2%, P<0.05), There were no changes in troponin I or tropomyosin isoform s, However, the proportion of phosphorylated troponin T was reduced in HS-1 2 versus LS-12 hearts (P<.001). Conclusions-In DS rats, the transition to failure is associated with depres sed E'(max) and increased efficiency and economy. These findings are linked to myofibrillar ATPase activity and suggest that mechanisms other than iso myosin switching are important determinants of ventricular energetics. A tr oponin T isoform switch is one potential mechanism.