A study of the mobility and trapping of minor hydrogen concentrations in diamond in three dimensions using quantitative ERDA microscopy

Two direct and two indirect nuclear methods are used for the analysis of hy drogen in diamond of different types. Exploiting the power of two-dimension al position sensitive detectors, the distribution of hydrogen in and on dia mond in three dimensions has been measured by elastic recoil detection anal ysis, supplementing the earlier resonant nuclear techniques. Indirect metho ds of muonium spin relation and time differential perturbed angular distrib ution measurements prove to be very informative. In a series of dynamic exp eriments, hydrogen has been implanted and the diffusion thereof sought as a function of temperature. Unlike the equivalent case for silicon, no migrat ion of the hydrogen in diamond is found up to 1473 K. This striking result is considered in regard to existing theoretical calculations. It is conclud ed that the implanted hydrogen is self-trapped. Arguments are presented as to the location of hydrogen in natural diamond, in diamond grown at high pr essure and high temperature, and in diamond grown by chemical vapour deposi tion. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.