Complementary conservation strategies for the genus Coffea: A case study of Mascarene Coffea species

No single conservation technique can adequately conserve the full range of genetic diversity of a target species or genepool. To optimize the efficien cy of germplasm conservation, a range of conservation techniques needs to b e applied simultaneously. In this paper we review the progress made in the application of both in situ and ex situ complementary conservation strategi es and techniques to the conservation of the genus Coffea and identify area s where more research work is required. Traditionally, Coffea species have been conserved ex situ as living plants in field genebanks due to their int ermediate seed storage behaviour. However, progress made in the field of bi otechnology in recent years have made it possible to envisage the use of in vitro, slow growth and cryopreservation for medium- and long-term conserva tion of Coffea germplasm, respectively. In situ conservation is also an imp ortant option for long-term conservation, but there are no genetic reserves specifically set up for conserving Coffea. Protected areas and managed res erves offer the best opportunities for conserving Coffea. A case study for Mascarene Coffea in Mauritius is presented and a strategy for their conserv ation is discussed.