The nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside protects against hepatic microcirculatory dysfunction in early endotoxaemia

Objective: Endotoxin rapidly inhibits the activity of the constitutive endo thelial nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS); this precedes the production of NO f rom inducible NOS (iNOS). This leaves a period in early endotoxaemia with a supposed scarcity of NO. The present study was conducted to examine the ef fects of external supplementation of NO on liver microcirculation and funct ion. Material: 13 male Sprague Dawley rats. Interventions: The rats underwent laparotomy, and the left liver lobe was e xteriorised. All animals were given a bolus dose of endotoxin (LPS) 5 mg/kg intraportally. One group (n = 6) had a continuous infusion of sodium nitro prusside (SNP) 1.4 mu g/kg per min started concurrently, the other group (n = 7) was treated with normal saline. The study was terminated after 3 h LP S. Measurements and results: Intravital microscopy was performed at baselin e, at 2 h and 3 h LPS. Hepatic function was assessed by arterial ketone bod y ratio, acid base values, and bile flow. At baseline 1% of the sinusoids w ere without perfusion. After 2 h LPS this figure had risen to 9.8 +/- 1.5 % in the SNP group versus 16.9 +/- 1.4 % in the controls (p < 0.05 vs contro ls). The corresponding values after 3 h LPS were 13.5 +/- 1.5 versus 19.3 /- 1.5% (p < 0.05 vs controls). The leukocyte count in sinusoids and venule s had a similar development. Functional parameters were all slightly better preserved in the SNP group, but with no individual significance Versus con trols. Conclusions: Infusion of the NO donor SNP in early endotoxaemia attenuates the detrimental effects of LPS on liver microcirculation, most probably by alleviating a relative deficit of NO at the microcirculatory level.