Oa. Adebanjo et al., The effect of extracellularly applied divalent cations on cytosolic Ca2+ in murine Leydig cells: evidence for a Ca2+-sensing receptor, J PHYSL LON, 513(2), 1998, pp. 399-410
1. The effect of extracellularly applied divalent cations upon cytosolic Ca
2+ levels ([Ca2+]) was investigated in fura-2-loaded mouse Leydig (TM3) cel
ls.
2. The extracellular application of Ca2+ (2.5-15 mM) or Ni2+ (0.5-5 mM) eli
cited concentration-dependent elevations in cytosolic [Ca2+] that were foll
owed by decays to baseline levels. Extracellular Mg2+ (0.8-15 mM) failed to
influence cytosolic [Ca2+].
3. Conditioning applications of Ca2+ (2.5-10 mM), Mg2+ (2.5-15 mM) or Ni2(0.5-5 mM) all attenuated the cytosolic Ca2+ response to a subsequent test
application of 5 mM [Ni2+].
4. The amplitude of Ni2+-induced cytosolic Ca2+ signals remained constant i
n low-Ca2+ solutions. Such findings suggest a participation of Ca2+ release
from intracellular stores. In parallel, depletion of Ca2+ stores by either
ionomycin (5 mu M, in low-Ca2+ solutions) or thapsigargin (4 mu M) abolish
ed or attenuated Ni2+-induced Ca2+ transients.
5. Ionomycin (5 mu M) elevated cytosolic [Ca2+] in Ca2+-free solutions even
after prior Ni2+ application, indicating the presence of Ni2+-insensitive
stores.
6. Caffeine (250 and 500 mu M) elevated cytosolic [Ca2+] and attenuated Ni2
+-induced Ca2+ release. Furthermore, TM3 cells stained intensely with a spe
cific anti-ryanodine receptor antiserum, Ab(34). These findings suggest tha
t Ca2+ release is regulated by ryanodine receptors.
7. Both membrane depolarization and hyperpolarization, brought about by cha
nges in extracellular [K+] ([K+](e)) in the presence of valinomycin (5 mu M
), altered the waveform of the Ni2+-induced cytosolic Ca2+ signal. Hyperpol
arization, in addition, diminished the response magnitude. Such voltage-ind
uced response modulation localizes the regulatory events to the Leydig cell
plasma membrane.
8. We propose the existence of a cell surface divalent cation (Ca2+) recept
or in Leydig cells, the activation of which triggers Ca2+ fluxes through ry
anodine receptors.