We study the spectral how of the Wilson-Dirac operator H(m) with and withou
t an additional Sheikholeslami-Wohlert (SW) term on a variety of SU(3) latt
ice gauge field ensembles in the range 0 less than or equal to m less than
or equal to 2. We have used ensembles generated from the Wilson gauge actio
n, an improved gauge action. and several two-flavor dynamical quark ensembl
es. Two regions in in provide a generic characterization of the spectrum. I
n region I defined by m less than or equal to m(1), the spectrum has a gap.
In region II defined by m(1) less than or equal to m less than or equal to
2, the gap is closed. The level crossings in H(m) that occur in region II
correspond to localized eigenmodes and the localization size decreases mono
tonically with the crossing point down to a size of about one lattice spaci
ng. These small modes are unphysical, and we find the topological susceptib
ility is relatively stable in the part of region II where the small modes c
ross. We argue that the lack of a gap in region II is expected to persist i
n the infinite volume limit at any gauge coupling. The presence of a gap is
important for the implementation of domain wall fermions. (C) 1998 Elsevie
r Science B.V.