Axions are produced during a period of dilaton-driven inflation by amplific
ation of quantum fluctuations. We show that for some range of string cosmol
ogy parameters and some range of axion masses, primordial axions may consti
tute a large fraction of the present energy density in the universe in the
form of cold dark matter. Due to the periodic nature of the axion potential
energy density fluctuations are strongly suppressed. The spectrum of primo
rdial axions is not thermal, allowing a small fraction of the axions to rem
ain relativistic until quite late. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All right
s reserved.