The lower solar atmosphere - Rapporteur paper II

This "rapporteur" report discusses the solar photosphere and low chromosphe re in the context of chemical composition studies. The highly dynamical nat ure of the photosphere does not seem to jeopardize precise determination of solar abundances in classical fashion. It is still an open question how th e highly dynamical nature of the low chromosphere contributes to first ioni zation potential (FIP) fractionation.