Localization and fine mapping of antigenic sites on the nucleocapsid protein N of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus with monoclonalantibodies
Jjm. Meulenberg et al., Localization and fine mapping of antigenic sites on the nucleocapsid protein N of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus with monoclonalantibodies, VIROLOGY, 252(1), 1998, pp. 106-114
The purpose of this study was to analyze the antigenic structure of the nuc
leocapsid protein N of the Lelystad virus isolate of porcine reproductive a
nd respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and to identify antigenic differences
between this prototype European isolate and other North American isolates.
To do this, we generated a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed
against the N protein of Lelystad virus and tested them in competition assa
ys with other N-specific mAbs described previously (Drew et al., 1995; Nels
on et ai., 1993; van Nieuwstadt el ai., 1996). Four different competition g
roups of mAbs were identified. Pepscan analysis with solid-phase dodecapept
ides was used to identify specific antigenic regions in the N protein that
were hound by the mAbs. In this pepscan analysis, we found that the mAb of
the first competition group reacted with linear peptides whose core sequenc
es consisted of amino acids 2-12 (site A), the mAbs of the second group rea
cted with peptides whose core sequences consisted of amino acids 25-30 (sit
e B), and the mAb of the third group reacted with peptides whose core seque
nces consisted of amino acids 40-46 (site C). However, the fourth group of
mAbs binding to an antigenic region, provisionally designated as domain D,
reacted very weakly or did not react at all with solid-phase dodecapeptides
. To further characterize the structure of the epitopes in domain D, we pro
duced chimeric constructs composed of the N protein sequences of Lelystad v
irus and another arterivirus lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus, which w
as used because its N protein has similarity in amino acid sequence and hyd
ropathicity profile but does not react with our mAbs. When the mAbs specifi
c to domain D were tested for binding to the chimeric N proteins expressed
by semliki Forest virus, we found that the regions between amino acids 51-6
7 and amino acids 80-90 are involved in the formation or are part of the ep
itopes in domain D. Therefore, we conclude that the N protein contains four
distinct antigenic regions. The epitopes mapped to sites A-C are linear, w
hereas the epitopes mapped to domain D are more conformation dependent or d
iscontinuous. Sites A and C contain epitopes that are conserved in European
but not in North American isolates; site B contains epitopes that are cons
erved in European and North American isolates; and site D contains epitopes
that are either conserved or not conserved in European and North American
isolates. The antigenic regions identified here might be important for the
development of diagnostic test for PRRSV in particular tests that discrimin
ate between different antigenic types of PRRSV. (C) 1998 Academic Press.