Hd. Dahmen et al., Quantile motion of electromagnetic waves in wave guides of varying cross section and dispersive media, ANN PHYSIK, 7(7-8), 1998, pp. 645-653
We discuss applications of the quantile concept of trajectories and velocit
ies to the propagation of electromagnetic signals in wave guides of varying
cross section. Quantile motion is a general description of the transport p
roperties of measurable quantities in quantum mechanics as well as in class
ical electrodynamics. In the latter case we consider the quantile motion of
electromagnetic energy as the direct result of a physical measurement. In
this sense the quantile velocity corresponds to the electromagnetic signal
velocity. We show that this signal velocity is always smaller than the spee
d of light in vacuum.