A sample of 14 small Bok globules and of eight Herbig Ae/Be stars has been
observed in the molecular rotational lines of HCO+, HCN, HNC, N2H+, and C2H
at 3 mm wavelength. The observational results have been used together with
a pseudo-time-dependent chemical model to study the evolution of a molecul
ar cloud toward the formation of a low-mass star. The new chemical and phys
ical scenario that is inferred from the molecular line data is discussed in
relation with the existing literature data obtained from infrared to far-i
nfrared data.