Ld. Mech et Sb. Merrill, Daily departure and return patterns of Wolves, Canis lupus, from a den at 80 degrees N latitude, CAN FIELD-N, 112(3), 1998, pp. 515-517
We report on daily patterns of Wolf (Canis lupus) departures from, and retu
rns to, their den on Ellesmere Island, Northwest Territories, Canada (80 de
grees N) during summers between 1988 and 1996. Based on 1759 h of observati
on, the Wolves departed more often than random during 2200 to 0400 h. There
was no darkness during summer, so any sun-based temporal cues must have co
me from sun position.