Novel methods of insulin delivery: An update

Conventional insulin therapies involve multiple daily subcutaneous injectio ns. However, the resultant disposition of insulin and blood glucose differs considerably from that following the physiological secretion of pancreatic insulin. A variety of alternative routes/methods have been investigated to improve systemic insulin delivery. Peroral and nasal insulin administratio n have demonstrated good potential for the treatment of diabetes. Facilitat ed transdermal delivery has also enjoyed success in promoting the systemic delivery of insulin. In addition, pulmonary, buccal, and ocular insulin adm inistration have been shown to decrease serum glucose concentrations. Other methods that have been investigated for their potential in systemic insuli n delivery include rectal, vaginal, and uterine routes.