Variable scale displays which combine a highly detailed representation of r
egions of interest with a less detailed representation of their context can
be effective visualisation aids. This paper presents a concise review of t
he principles of conformal digital image warpings that can be used to const
ruct variable scale displays like global fisheye views or multifocal image
representations (a 'looking glass' effect). It is argued that a backward wa
rping transform is most suitable for this purpose. Pilot studies indicate t
hat these variable scale displays may serve to optimize observer performanc
e in surveillance and navigation tasks. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.